Soy Isoflavones Grow Hair by Increasing IGF-1 in the Skin
Food sources of isoflavones include tofu and miso soup. (Photo by sokole oko)
Showing posts with label hair. Show all posts
Showing posts with label hair. Show all posts
Sunday, February 20, 2022
Food sources of isoflavones include tofu and miso soup. (Photo by sokole oko)
Thursday, February 17, 2022
Topical Retinoids Increase Hair Growth in Most People
Retinoids – slap them on your scalp and let nature do the rest. (Photo by Steve Rhode)
According to the authors, the hair growth may be due to increased cell proliferation and differentation and the generation of new blood vessels. Another paper that appeared a few years later also speculates on how retinoids might cause hair growth (link). The authors of this paper suggest that certain retinoids increase the rate of hair of hair growth, prolong the anagen phase, and help convert vellus hairs to terminal hairs.
At least in mice, levels of cellular retinoic acid binding protein are higher during the anagen phase and lower during the telogen phase of hair growth. Applying some retinoids topically increases the level of this protein in the skin, which might explain how retinoids prolong the growth phase (link). Both isotretinoin (also called 13-cis-retinoic acid) and tretinoin (also called all-trans-retinoic acid) seem to shorten the telogen phase and increase the anagen phase; however, they also differ in their effects, at least in vitro (link).
A review on retinoids and hair growth states that according to the studies, only tretinoin and isotretinoin are able to prolong the anagen phase (link). I'm not sure how true this statement is, given that other vitamin A derivatives such as etretinate have been associated with hair darkening and new hair growth (link) and even retinol boosts the effectiveness of minoxidil (link).
Not all studies have found the combination of minoxidil and retinoids to be superior to minoxidil alone (link). The hypothesis that retinol and some retinoids increase the absorption of minoxidil is plausible, but this is not the only explanation, since retinoids are effective even on their own. Thus, with or without minoxidil, retinol and retinoids seem worth a shot. Keep in mind, though, that the picture above shows the result after one year of use, and that almost half of the participants did not see an increase in hair growth.
For more information on hair growth, see these posts:
Zinc Pyrithione Reduces Shedding and Moderately Promotes Hair Growth
Hair Growth with Ayurveda – The Nutrich Oil Experiment
Do Flax Lignans Reduce Hair Loss from MPB?
Green Tea Extract Grows Hair in Vitro, Might Work in Vivo
Read More......
Tuesday, August 16, 2011
Kudzu Is an Anti-Androgen and Hair Growth Promoter
Kudzu will grow over anything in its path. (Photo by jjjj56cp)
In traditional Chinese Medicine, kudzu – a quick-growing vine native to China and Japan – is commonly used to treat alcoholism and hangover. This may be due to its potential to increase blood levels of alcohol when taken with an alcoholic beverage. Indeed, at least one study found that giving kudzu to heavy drinkers resulted in lower alcohol consumption (link).
The name kudzu encompasses at least five different species of the plant genus Pueraria. While all of them have very similar properties and are can be used for their medicinal purposes, the most often mentioned species are Pueraria lobata and Pueraria thomsonii. The various species contain a significant amount of isoflavones, which may at least partly be behind their use as a treatment for alcoholism.
Isoflavones, however, also have other uses. Because of their slight estrogenic effect, isoflavones from sources such as soy have been studied as a cure for hair loss. The idea is that isoflavones can inhibit 5-alpha-reductase, which converts testosterone into DHT. Since DHT binds to androgen receptors more potently than testosterone, DHT is a major cause of hair loss in genetically predisposed individuals.
Although the root part of the plant is often used, a recent study showed that the flowers of Pueraria thomsonii were much more effective in inhibiting 5-alpha-reductase than the roots of Pueraria lobata (~51% vs. ~7%). The flowers were powdered and made into a 50% ethanol extract, which was then applied onto the backs of mice after a testosterone treatment (link).
Applying the flower extract improved hair growth in a dose-dependent manner. The mice that got the largest dose (5 mg/day) after testosterone had a hair growth score similar to the control mice that were not treated with testosterone. In other words, the kudzu treatment reversed almost all of the hair loss effects of testosterone.
The authors also applied the extract on C3H/He mice without the testosterone to see whether it would promote hair growth independently of an anti-androgenic effect. The higher dose was almost as effective as minoxidil in promoting hair growth. Although the mechanism was not clear, the authors note that the flowers have been shown to have an angiogenetic effect.
Like soy, kudzu contains significant amounts of the isoflavone daidzein, daidzin and genistein. However, kudzu also contains an isoflavone called puerarin, which is not found in soy. Furthermore, Pueraria thomsonii flowers contain both soyasapones (one of the main components of soy beans) and kaikasaponins (not found in soy), making it rather unique.
I've seen a couple of soaps and shampoos that list kudzu as an ingredient, but I doubt that the amounts are large enough to truly make a difference. If you want to try kudzu topically, you might have better luck buying an extract in powder form and making your own topical. Another possibility is simply taking it orally. There is, after all, evidence that dietary isoflavones promote hair growth.
For more information on hair growth, see these posts:
Biotin Goes Back on the Menu
Soy Isoflavones and Chili Pepper for Hair Growth – Experiment Update
Topical Retinoids Increase Hair Growth in Most People
Zinc Pyrithione Reduces Shedding and Moderately Promotes Hair Growth
Read More......
Friday, April 15, 2011
Biotin Goes Back on the Menu
Long-time readers of the blog may remember that one of the earliest experiments I did was with biotin, also known as vitamin B7. The purpose was to see whether taking a biotin supplement would affect nail and hair strength.
I wrote back then that although a lot of people seemed to believe biotin is good for hair and nails, there were no studies showing it really did anything except in rare cases when the subject was biotin deficient. After two weeks, I posted a quick update. When I'd been taking 5 mg for a month, I concluded the experiment. As you might expect, I didn't see any results.
I've since learned that one month is way too short for any kind of results when it comes to hair growth experiments. In most cases, six months would be the minimum, otherwise you're just wasting money without really learning anything new.
A pubmed search on biotin and hair growth still doesn't come up with any interesting studies. The only thing biotin seems to be proven to do is help with uncombable hair syndrome (link):
We report a family affected to the fourth generation by uncombable hair syndrome. This syndrome is characterized by unruly, dry, blond hair with a tangled appearance. The family pedigree strongly supports the hypothesis of autosomal dominant inheritance; some members of the family had, apart from uncombable hair, minor signs of atopy and ectodermal dysplasia, such as abnormalities of the nails. The diagnosis was confirmed by means of extensive scanning electron microscopy. A trial with oral biotin 5 mg/day was started on two young patients with excellent results as regards the hair appearance, although scanning electron microscopy did not show structural changes in the hair. After a 2-year-period of follow-up, hair normality was maintained without biotin, while nail fragility still required biotin supplementation for control.
In this study, 5 mg biotin was taken daily. Even much smaller doses seem to be helpful for uncombable hair syndrome, however (link):
Three children are reported with uncombable hair syndrome, consisting of slow-growing, straw-colored scalp hair that could not be combed flat. The hairs appeared normal on light microscopy but on scanning electron microscopy were triangular in cross section, with canal-like longitudinal depressions. Oral biotin, 0.3 mg three times a day, produced significant improvement after 4 months in one patient, with increased growth rate and with strength and combability of the hair, although the triangular shape remained. The other two patients were unique in having associated ectodermal dysplasia. Their hair slowly improved in appearance and combability over 5 years without biotin therapy.
These studies confirm the fact that biotin does play a part in hair growth, and that it's possible to affect even the growth rate through biotin supplementation. Although the cause of uncombable hair syndrome is unknown, a biotin deficiency (perhaps due to genetic reasons) may play a part. On the other hand, the syndrome often improves by itself with age.
Studies like this do not really warrant supplementing with biotin if you're suffering from androgenic alopecia or just want to make your hair grow thicker and faster. And yet a lot of people seem to believe biotin will do the trick. They keep saying there's "a lot of evidence" for biotin and hair growth, but the references are missing. The actual studies are always about biotin deficiencies or like the ones I quoted above.
However, a while ago I came across one study from 1992 that actually looked at the effect of biotin supplements on hair loss. It's no wonder I didn't find it earlier, since it's not indexed in pubmed. Nor do I have access to the full paper, but here's the abstract:
An examination of the effect of biotin on alopecia and hair quality.
The effect of a daily oral dose of 2,5 mg biotin was studied in 93 patients with the symptoms hair-loss (mostly androgenetic alopecia) and reduced hair quality. The mean duration of treatment was 7,9 +/- 2,8 months. An obvious improvement of hair-loss was reported in 64%, and a slight improvement in 9%. Hair quality was clearly improved in 70% and slightly in 12%. Brittle finger nails as an additional complaint were improved in 80%. If alopecia, decreased hair quality and brittle finger nails occurred in combination, improvement was observed frequently collectively. The study allows - as already shown in a previous investigation concerning brittle finger nails - to suggest biotin as an effective and well tolerated therapy in cases of alopecia and decreased hair quality.
The majority of subjects had improvements in hair loss and hair quality from taking 2.5 mg biotin daily. Sounds good, right? Makes you wonder why nobody has attempted to repeat the experiment if the results are real. Another thing that strikes me as odd is the duration of the experiment. Why a mean duration of 7.9 months with standard deviation? Weren't all the subjects taking biotin for the same duration? Did they just quit whenever they felt like it? That just sounds like bad study design, which makes me somewhat skeptical of the results.
Still, it's intriguing enough to make me add biotin back on the supplement menu for the time being. Although a "it can't hurt and might help" mentality may be dangerous in some cases, I'm unaware of any negative side effects from taking 5 mg biotin daily. This time I'm aiming for at least six months instead of just one.
For more information on hair growth, see these posts:
Soy Isoflavones and Chili Pepper for Hair Growth – Experiment Update
Emu Oil vs. Hair Again® Topical Gel: Hair Growth Battle Conclusion
Do Flax Lignans Reduce Hair Loss from MPB?
2% Nizoral Shampoo Increases Hair Growth More than 2% Minoxidil
Read More......
Tuesday, April 12, 2011
Soy Isoflavones and Chili Pepper for Hair Growth – Experiment Update
Several readers have been asking for an update on my hair growth experiment with soy isoflavones and capsaicin. I admit it's long overdue, so here goes!
First some background on the experiment. Why soy isoflavones? I know there are a lot of people who think soy is the ultimate poison, and while I'm not a big fan of soy as a food, the science behind isoflavones and hair growth is strong enough for me to give it a go. Soy isoflavones have been shown to increase IGF-1 in the skin, which in turn promotes hair growth. Although soy also reduces DHT in rats and in humans, the effects on IGF-1 seem to be the primary way through which isoflavones grow hair.
Capsaicin seems to have a similar effect on IGF-1, and in both mice and humans, the combination of soy isoflavones and capsaicin appears to be more effective than capsaicin alone. I have not seen a direct comparison of soy isoflavones and soy isoflavones + capsaicin, however, so it's unclear how important capsaicin really is. Nevertheless, I chose to take both for the experiment.
The participants in the study were given a capsaicin supplement, but I decided to take the natural route and just add cayenne pepper or chili powder into my food instead. It's difficult to determine just how much capsaicin I've been ingesting this way, since the capsaicin content depends on a lot of variables. As I wrote when the experiment began:
The only problem is that it's pretty difficult to estimate the amount of capsaicin; a tablespoon of ground chili will contain anywhere between 0.8 mg and 480 mg of capsaicin. In the study, 7 mg per day was consumed, so if I manage to eat a tablespoon, I should have decent odds of ingesting at least as much capsaicin.
The amount of isoflavones I've been eating, on the other hand, has been easy to measure. One capsule contains 60 mg of isoflavones, which is 15 mg less than in the study.
And what about the results? I've not taken any pictures, since unlike in the retinol experiment, there's not much visible going on. I haven't cut my hair in years, and the length of my hair is still the same as it was before (the maximum length of your hair is genetically determined), so it's safe to say that isoflavones and capsaicin haven't done anything in that department.
I also haven't seen any increase in the rate of hair growth, which is perhaps a bit surprising, since you might expect an increase in IGF-1 to increase the speed at which hairs grow. But then again, I have no reliable way of measuring my IGF-1 levels either. I've simply been looking at a few hairs and measuring how much they grow each month.
The one thing I noticed during this experiment is something of a shed in the beginning. There's no way to be sure it's the isoflavones and capsaicin working, but I haven't noticed anything similar with the other experiments. After a few months, I seemed to not only shed more hairs in general, but especially from the front of the scalp. Moreover, many of these hairs had not grown to their full length yet.
As most of you probably know, that can be a good or a bad sign. A lot hair growth drugs, including finasteride, cause an initial shed, after which the hairs grow back stronger and healthier. Then again, inflammation also causes hairs to shed earlier than they should, only they grow back weaker every time.
At this point, it's still too early to tell, since the new hairs are still growing. At least on the surface they look fine. What's funny is that there are some spots where several hairs are pretty much the exact same length. The two possible reasons is that those hairs were shed at the same time and now regrowing, or that the isoflavones and capsaicin increased the number of hair follicles. I suspect the former, but I can't be sure.
So what's the next step? I've already ordered a second bottle of isoflavone capsules, and since I like to use chili in my food anyway, I'll pretty much keep doing what I've been doing so far. If I see any dramatic changes, I will post about them, but if not, I will just consider the isoflavones and capsaicin thing a preventative measure and move on to more interesting experiments.
That's it for today. I hope you found this update useful, and if you have further questions or you've done a similar experiment of your own, please let us know in the comment section.
For more information on hair growth, see these posts:
Topical Retinoids Increase Hair Growth in Most People
BioSil, JarroSil & Beer – Silicon Experiment Conclusion
Zinc Pyrithione Reduces Shedding and Moderately Promotes Hair Growth
Eclipta Alba Extract Grows Hair Quicker than Minoxidil
Read More......
Monday, January 3, 2011
Nootropics, Longevity and More: The Year 2010 in Review
Happy New Year everyone! I hope your holidays went well and you're ready to make 2011 even better than last year. But before we do that, let's take a look at some of the best bits and pieces from 2010.
In January, I finally got a chance to see Aubrey de Grey for the first time. His presentation in Helsinki, Finland was mostly familiar to me already, but I enjoyed it nonetheless. Perhaps the most interesting part was when the audience got to ask questions; I thought Aubrey's answers were good, especially given that some of the comments were pretty frustrating (apparently some people think going through their entire family history somehow qualifies as a question). If you want to check out the presentation, the video is still available online through the link above. And in case you want to know more about Aubrey himself, he was also interviewed in Wired.com a while ago.
Nootropics are gaining more and more attention these days. Even 60 minutes ran a segment on students boosting brain power to do better in their studies. Amphetamine derivatives are still the most popular choice – but whoever comes up with an "organic herbal formula" that actually works as well as Adderrall is going to be rich. I also did an experiment with Ashwagandha to see whether it had a nootropic effect. It didn't, at least not the brand I was using.
And then there was the experiment with BioSil, the stuff that is supposed to make your hair and nails stronger. The science seems solid, but as I wrote in my conclusion, the price of the liquid supplement doesn't seem worth it, since orthosilicic acid, the active ingredient, is also present in my favourite beverage.
Speaking of hair, a lot of people have asked for an update on the soy isoflavones + capsaicin experiment, another one of my attempts at finding a magical hair growth formula that will make me filthy rich. The experiment has been going on for six months now, which is longer than the five months that the original study lasted, so perhaps a proper update is indeed due. So far I haven't seen much visible changes, however. I'm now adding various kinds of chili powders and pastes to almost all my foods, but I'm thinking of ordering capsaicin supplements to be sure I'm getting enough to match the study. And I also need another bottle of soy isoflavones.
I've tried a lot of useless supplements and topicals, but last year I came across something that really, actually works: retinoids. I've now been using them for over a year and I can really see the difference. My advice to anyone looking for real results is to forget about all the overpriced skin creams that are really nothing but moisturizers and go for tretinoin instead. Of course, since it actually works it's prescription stuff, so you can't just buy it from the store, you'll have to order it online and hope your package doesn't get confiscated by the customs officers who surely know better what you need than you do. Thank god for regulations!
Probably the longest and most throrough post of last year was about human hibernation and how it might relate to longevity. In addition to a look at the current state of hibernation science, there's also the odd legend of lotska, the art of hibernation allegedly practiced by poor Russian peasants:
At the first fall of snow the whole family gathers round the stove, lies down, ceases to wrestle with the problems of human existence, and quietly goes to sleep. Once a day every one wakes up to eat a piece of hard bread, of which an amount sufficient to last six months has providently been baked in the previous autumn. When the bread has been washed down with a draught of water, everyone goes to sleep again. The members of the family take it in turn to watch and keep the fire alight.
And of course, no post on slowing down metabolism would be complete without Indian fakirs and frozen mountain climbers. Check it out if you have the time, it's fascinating stuff.
While the Russian peasants may have spent most of their winter sleeping to avoid starving, there are also those who can eat as much as they like and still avoid getting fat. Even without any exercise. I'll let other bloggers fight it out over the details of the energy equation and whether a calorie truly is a calorie, but take a look at the BBC documentary in the link to see what I mean. Also check out the comment section, some interesting anecdotes in there.
How is the life extension movement doing these days? Well, the same old (and false) arguments against longer lifespans are still there, but the overall mood is pretty optimistic. Personally, I've noticed that younger people tend to be more open to the possibility of life extension than middle-aged people. Go figure. Meanwhile, the Russians have apparently found the cure for aging, although I haven't heard anything new on SkQ1 since September. But that's okay, because the next fountain of youth is already here.
Long-time readers of this blog probably remember that I did intermittent fasting for over a year. Part of the reason was that I wanted to see if 24-hour fasts could be done – I wanted to be the master of my hunger, so to speak. However, the most important reason were the studies showing positive effects from intermittent fasting without restricting total calories. You know, the whole "cleaning cells from junk through autophagy" thing.
But alas, after going through the studies more carefully, I was disappointed to find out that whenever intermittent fasting increased lifespan in mice, total calories had also been restricted. In effect, intermittent fasting extends lifespan only in conjuction with caloric restriction. Some of the other benefits of fasting may still be valid, to a degree at least, but without potential gains in lifespan, I don't see the point in doing a strict 24/24-hour cycle of fasting and feasting anymore. Besides, I now think that even full-blown calorie restriction would only give me a few extra years. Why? Because humans just can't do CR the same way rodents can. More on this later. Meanwhile, see my updated health regimen.
Of course, there were also several other posts which I didn't mention here; see the archives section in case you missed them. And just so you don't miss anything interesting in the future, remember to subscribe to my feed and to follow me on Twitter, which I use to post stuff (life extension, health, science) I don't have time to blog about in depth. Oh yeah, and tell your friends to do so too!
For summaries of previous years, see these posts:
10 Human Experiments of 2009 – Year in Review
7 Human Experiments of 2008 – Year in Review
Read More......
Monday, July 12, 2010
Soy Isoflavones and Chili Pepper for Hair Growth – Experiment Begins
The hotter the pepper, the more capsaicin it contains. (Photo by Andreas Adermark)
I've written so many posts on soy isoflavones and hair growth that I figured it's time to start another experiment to see for myself whether the claims are true.
Even though it looks like soy isoflavones alone are sufficient to increase dermal levels of IGF-1 and thus promote hair growth, the most effective combination seems to be isoflavones and capsaicin. If you haven't seen the pictures from that paper for some reason, I recommend taking a look at the latter link. This combination is the one I will be testing.
The soy isoflavones supplement I have is by NOW Foods. It contains 60 mg of isoflavones (genistein, daidzein and glycitein) per capsule. This is slightly less than the 75 mg used in the human study, but since I don't want to take 120 mg per day, it'll have to do.
As for capsaicin, I'm going with the natural route and adding chili pepper to my foods during the experiment. There are capsaicin supplements too, but since I like spicy foods anyway, I don't think supplements are worth the extra money in this case.
The only problem is that it's pretty difficult to estimate the amount of capsaicin; a tablespoon of ground chili will contain anywhere between 0.8 mg and 480 mg of capsaicin. In the study, 7 mg per day was consumed, so if I manage to eat a tablespoon, I should have decent odds of ingesting at least as much capsaicin.
As you can see, this is not an exact replica of the human study, but I think my own experiment will be very close to what other people might try at home. The study lasted for 5 months, which is how long you should give any treatment before realistically expecting results. I will post an update after I run out of capsules and we'll see what happens then.
Keep in mind that this is not the only thing I have going on at the moment that might affect hair growth. Though not technically experiments, I've been using ketoconazole and piroctone olamine shampoos regularly, because the science behind them looks pretty good. I'm also consuming some ground flax seeds every now and then, which could be beneficial for hair.
Since I started to use these three things, I've noticed a slight decrease in the number of hairs lost daily. Whereas I counted 60-80 before, I now seem to lose about 40-50 hairs daily. Both of these figures are within the normal range, so these additions to my health regiment are mostly about preventing (or at least delaying) any future hair loss. Still, if the hair growth promoting effect of isoflavones and capsaicin is as strong as the rodent and human studies show, I would expect some visible changes even in people without androgenic alopecia.
Lastly, my experiments with retinoids and an Ayurvedic topical called Nutrich oil are still running. I'm applying both of them on my temples, one on the left and the other on the right, to see if they increase hair growth. So far I have not noticed any dramatic changes, so I don't think they will obfuscate the results of this experiment too much.
I'll keep you updated on how things go. Meanwhile, if you've tried soy isoflavones or capsaicin, drop a comment and share your experiences!
For more information on hair growth, see these posts:
BioSil, JarroSil & Beer – Silicon Experiment Conclusion
Emu Oil vs. Hair Again® Topical Gel: Hair Growth Battle Conclusion
Eclipta Alba Extract Grows Hair Quicker than Minoxidil
Do Flax Lignans Reduce Hair Loss from MPB?
Read More......
Wednesday, May 19, 2010
My Current Health Regimen v2.0
This is my updated health regimen, aimed at adding a significant number of healthy years to my expected lifespan. As it's subject to change, I will keep this post updated accordingly. Major revisions (such as v2.0) will appear once a year or so; minor changes (such as v2.1) will be made as needed. With every major revision, I will move the post from the archives to the front page.
Since a long, healthy life is preferable to a short life by most people, following the regimen would make sense even without considering technological innovations. The true goal of my regimen, however, is to stay alive long enough to see rejuvenation therapies become a reality. In the long run, each year that I'm able to add to my expected lifespan now through things like dietary changes, exercise, and supplements, may grant me several extra years in the future.
Therefore, even those lifestyle changes that require considerable effort and resources while offering a seemingly limited benefit, make sense if one looks at the big picture. For a chance to see the world in 2090, I'm willing to skip the cheeseburger today.
My health regimen consists of four categories: diet, supplements, physical exercise, and brain health. All of the items under each category have some kind of scientific basis, and in contrast to my ongoing experiments, will remain a part of the regimen for the time being. Therefore, my current experiments are not a part of my long-term health regimen – unless they prove to be beneficial, in which case they'll be moved from ongoing experiments to the regimen.
Main changes from v1.0: none.
Avoiding harmful foods
The most important part of my diet is avoiding unhealthy things; increasing the intake of healthy things only comes in second. This is because preventing damage from happening in the first place is easier than repairing it later on.
I consider the worst culprit of modern diets to be an emphasis on grain products, fructose, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. There's considerable evidence to suggest that most people would do much better without them. Hence, things like pasta, rice, bread, candy, fruit juices, and most vegetable oils are off the daily menu. I only eat them rarely, and then simply because they taste good. For the past few months, I've allowed myself to eat whatever I want once a week (usually foods like pizza or fresh bread), which seems to be working well.
I originally cut back on my fruit intake, which used to be quite high some years ago, because I learned that fructose increases triglycerides especially in men, and fructose is not handled very well by the body in general. I later learned that fructose also forms AGEs much more rapidly than glucose, which kept me from reintroducing most fruits to my diet and eat berries instead, since they contain more nutrients per fructose calorie. However, I've now increased even my fruit intake a little, having read more about the AGE-inhibiting effects of phytonutrients found in fruit. I will expand on this later, but for an example of what I'm talking about, see my post about carotenoids inhibiting lipid peroxidation.
While much of this fits well with paleo dieting, I also diverge from the paleo diet these days. You may or may not remember that I used to be a potato hater back in the day, both because they could not be eaten raw (making them anti-paleolithic) and because of their high carb content. Basically, potatoes are just empty calories. But once you have your insulin sensitivity and blood glucose under control, I don't think a few potatoes now and then is much of a concern. At least they're low in fructose.
As you may recall, I followed a low-carb diet for the past year with an emphasis on paleo foods. I got on the low-carb, high-fat wagon in the first place to prove that eating a diet high in fat does not make you fat – and it didn't. However, this diet combined with my year-long intermittent fasting experiment resulted in a moderate-to-high intake of protein, the longevity effect of which I'm now questioning. To lower my protein intake slightly means eating either more fat or more carbohydrates, and since my fat intake is already very high, I've reintroduced some carbs into my diet. That is, I now occasionally eat potatoes not because I think they are necessary for health, but because they are low in protein. More on protein and longevity in future posts.
I still don't make nuts a dietary staple, because of their poor omega-3/omega-6 ratio and because I like to keep my PUFA intake low. That is, I aim not only for a good ratio of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, I try not to eat too much of them in general. Omega-3 is particularly prone to undergo lipid peroxidation, and while nuts probably have micronutrients that protect them from oxidation to some degree, I'm playing it safe until I learn more.
Main changes from v1.0: slightly increased carb intake, slightly decreased protein intake, slightly decreased polyunsaturated fatty acid intake.
Eating healthy foods
Despite eating some more carbs these days, my diet is still fairly low in carbohydrates. My daily intake used to be around 100 grams; I have not measured my current intake, but I suspect it's around 100-150 grams these days. My main protein sources used to be meat, fish and eggs, but during the past year I've cut back on eating eggs because of their high methionine content. I'm still figuring out whether methionine restriction makes sense in humans, but in the meantime I limit my egg intake to 3-4 eggs a week.
Sources of fat, in the order of importance, are olive oil, palm oil, butter, cocoa butter, coconut milk, ghee, coconut oil, and sesame oil. Olive oil tops the list because I love the taste and because it's high in MUFAs but low in PUFAs and consistently does well in just about every health study. There may not be anything magical about MUFAs per se, but even if it's the polyphenols in olive oil that are behind all the positive health effects, olive oil still seems like a good choice. Palm oil is there because it's rich in tocotrienols (at least compared to other natural foods), low in PUFAs and high in SAs (making it suitable for heating), and because I've grown to like the taste.
Lard is off the menu for now because I ran out. Heavy cream has been replaced by coconut milk, partly because of dairy products increasing IGF-1, which may be bad for longevity (more on that in future posts). I don't eat cocoa butter raw (although I could, it's delicious), but I get plenty from all the dark chocolate I eat. Somebody asked me in the comment section why I eat sesame oil since it contains quite a bit of PUFAs, and noticing this was indeed so, I was going to remove it from my diet altogether. However, doing some reading I found that sesame oil seems to reduce markers of lipid peroxidation, so I kept it on the menu. I just use it for taste, however, so my intake of sesame oil is very low anyway.
Depending on my daily menu, anywhere between 50 to 70% of my total calorie intake is from fat. My daily menu has changed a bit, but percentage of fat is still the same. Most of this is saturated fat, which has been given a bad rep for reasons I believe are incorrect. I began reducing grain products and increasing my saturated fat intake years ago, and it hasn't killed me yet. In fact, my HDL has increased and my LDL has decreased on this diet. Triglycerides are not bad but could be better – a testament to my main vices, beer and wine.
There is one cereal grain I regularly eat, however: rolled oats. They're a convenient source of beta-glucan, which appears to be good for cholesterol and avoiding heart disease, and they don't contain gluten. Oats also contain quite a bit of quality protein. I used to eat them with milk and berries, but then switched to a combination of heavy cream and water to reduce my consumption of lactose and galactose (which easily form advanced glycation endproducts, AGEs). Now, I've stopped adding even heavy cream, because milk protein seems to interfact with the polyphenols in berries. So it's a mixture of coconut milk and water nowadays – not as good as cold milk, but still pretty good.
As for red meat, despite how it's portrayed in the media these days, I'm not convinced that meat consumption is harmful. Indeed, a recent review supports the hypothesis that processed meat, not meat in itself, may be harmful. The biggest problem I used to see with meat is the generation of AGEs. Though there is disagreement just how harmful consuming AGEs with food are, I tried to minimize the potential damage by avoiding overcooking and taking supplements. I no longer think AGEs in meat are a huge problem, however – more on this later. The reason I don't eat huge portions of meat like I used to is because of the high protein content.
And finally, the beverage department. I still love my daily coffee, which I drink 1-2 cups per day. Coffee has some nice health benefits too. Green tea is obviously staying on the menu; the studies showing positive health effects just keep on piling up. All in all, beer doesn't really belong to the "eating healthy foods" category, but even beer does contain some good stuff.
As you may recall, I used to drink yerba mate with meals to reduce the formation of AGEs. It's since come to my attention that yerba mate is carcinogenic at higher doses, so I now drink it only rarely. Green tea or black tea are safer bets, despite somewhat contradictory results in reducing AGEs and ALEs.
Main changes from v1.0: decreased egg intake, changes in the use of fats and oils, reduced yerba mate consumption, avoidance of lipid peroxidation.
A note on diet tweaking
It's much easier to point out things that are wrong in various foods than it is to prove something is healthy. These days, I'm more wary of advertising my diet as the best choice for everyone than I was before. Part of the reason is that the more I read and learn about nutrition, the more complicated everything becomes.
Case in point: I used to tell people vegetables are bad because, as an evolutionary strategy, they produce toxins to protect them from being eaten (which is true). Now, having learned of the importance of hormesis, I think vegetables are good because of those same toxins! I was also a huge fan of eating fruit (especially organic fruit) at one point, because it seemed to make sense from an evolutionary point of view. The, I got a little skeptical towards them because of their fructose content. Now, I think the benefits may outweigh the negatives.
All this, however, doesn't stop me from wanting to find the optimal diet for longevity. On the contrary, it's a healthy reminder not to get too emotionally attached to my health regimen, and to be ready to admit mistakes and make alterations as I learn more.
Going without food
The third key component of my diet used to be intermittent fasting. I stated in the first version of this post that "I may change my mind in the future, but for now I expect periodic food deprivation to remain in the regimen." That is still true to some degree: I no longer do a 24/24 hour cycle of fasting and eating, but I don't make it a point to eat three meals with snacks a day either. I often skip breakfast and lunch and eat only dinner.
The thing that lured me to try intermittent fasting was that there are studies suggesting that all or most of the benefits of chronic calorie reduction can be had by alternating zero calories with double the normal calories every 24 hours. While I no longer believe that IF is equivalent to CR, I do think that fasting in general is beneficial. An improved insulin sensitivity is a known result of intermittent fasting. Insulin sensitivity is associated with longevity, and among supercentenarians, insulin sensitivity is common.
Perhaps a more interesting thing about fasting is that it increases autophagy, a process in which the cell consumes a part of itself for energy. This can happen during ordinary cell maintenance, or when the body is deprived of nutrients. Since improved autophagy is at least in part why caloric restriction works, this makes other, less demanding forms of nutrient deprivation attractive options.
The reason I stopped doing strict IF is because I don't think there is much evidence that fasting for 24 hours and then eating for 24 hours is somehow optimal in itself. Most importantly, IF does not extend lifespan in most studies. Why IF is not equivalent to CR is not clear, but recent studies suggest protein may have a lot to do with it. My intermittent fasting diet resulted in huge meals with lots of protein, and I now suspect that this may have diminished much of the potential benefits.
Main changes from v1.0: no more 24/24 intermittent fasting, no more huge protein-heavy meals.
Supplements
The most important supplement in my regimen is vitamin D3. Most people are deficient in vitamin D, and the health benefits are so overwhelming that if there's one supplement I would recommend spending money on, it's vitamin D3. I usually take 5,000 IU of vitamin D3 daily, and at last check, my levels were at 45 ng/mL, which is in the optimal range. Now that it's summer, I'm taking 2,500 IU daily. I know some people take the same amount all year round, but since I do spend some time in the sun, I don't want to overdo it.
One of the supplements that has remained in the regimen since last time is vitamin K2, which is sort of a newcomer in the supplement scene but nonetheless has some impressive studies behind it. I'll write more about it in the future, but here's one study of interest for men: dietary vitamin K2 may reduce prostate cancer. Since fermented dairy products, which I'm not sure are the best choice for health otherwise, are the best dietary source of vitamin K2, I'm taking supplements instead. At the moment, I take 90 mcg of MK-7 (Jarrow MK-7) and 5 mg of MK-4 (Carlson Labs Vitamin K2) every third day in an attempt to find a balance between affordability and the long serum half-life of vitamin K2.
I used to take a tablespoon of fish liver oil daily, because it has lots of omega-3 fatty acids in bioavailable form (EPA and DHA) and almost no omega-6 fatty acids. A higher dietary ratio of omega-3 to omega-6 seems to be very beneficial in general, and fish oil has been shown to decrease inflammation. A commonly quoted optimal ratio is between 1:1 and 1:4, which seems to be close to how our paleolithic ancestors ate. As part of my plan to avoid excess PUFAs, I've dropped fish liver oil from the menu. I'm currently in the process of weighing the pros and the cons; it may be that a tablespoon per day will prove to be worth it in the end.
I also used to take resveratrol with quercetin during fasts to increase autophagy. I would still continue to take them, but unfortunately I can't afford all the supplements I might like to take (including AOR Ortho-Core, which is off the list for the time being), so I take resveratrol only occasionally. Meanwhile, I'm on the lookout for other things that increase autophagy. Curcumin is a cheap alternative, and it has other health benefits too, which is why I add turmeric to most of my foods.
Since my damn blender keeps leaking from the bottom, I'm no longer making smoothies every day like I used to. So these days I just add some ground flax seeds to my rolled oats for the flax lignans. Flax lignans may prevent hair loss, among other health benefits. Some people prefer to take them in supplement form, but flaxmeal is a cheaper and equally effective way to consume flax lignans. For best effects, they should be consumed twice a day with ~12 hours in between. Other things I do to prevent hair loss is use shampoos with ketoconazole and piroctone olamine.
Main changes from v1.0: no more fish liver oil, some supplement cutbacks due to costs, increased curcumin intake.
Exercise
My exercise routine is probably the weakest part of my regimen, compared to how much effort I put into diet and supplements. In the summer, I run for 30-45 minutes once a week to get some aerobic exercise (I should start again, since summer is here!) The goal is to keep the heart and lungs healthy, reduce blood pressure, and improve mood. In the winter, when it gets too cold for running outside, I go to the gym for strength training instead. Strength training reduces the risk of injury, prevents osteoporosis, supports joint health, and prevents muscle loss resulting from aging.
I also practice martial arts, which combines aerobic and strength training, to a degree. The main reason for me, however, is that it provides me with a basic set of self-defense skills and improves coordination. With aging, there is usually an increased fear of falling and hurting oneself – something children naturally don't have. Getting thrown around every week is a way to maintain a healthier attitude towards my body and prevent an irrational fear of getting hurt. I want my mind to rule over my body, not the other way around.
Main changes from v1.0: none.
Brain training
Any anti-aging regime should also take into account the importance of maintaining mental health. It doesn't take a genius to see that people who use their brains actively retain their cognitive abilities far longer than those who are passive.
One of the ways I keep the rational side of my brain fit is reading scientific papers and writing about them on this blog. I like logical problems in general, and I think practicing problem-solving skills are important for everyone, whether it's through work or hobbies. To train the creative side, I do things like play instruments, compose music, and read and write fiction.
My biggest problem is and always has been rather poor short-term memory. I don't know whether it's because my mind is always occupied with a zillion things, but it's more than once that I've gone to the grocery store to buy something I need and come back with something else entirely. This kind of absent-mindedness seems to run in the family. I believe it can be improved through training, however. The memory game experiment intends to increase IQ, but it improves short-term memory as well (I've pretty much forgotten about this experiment lately, by the way – I'll have to start playing again!)
Main changes from v1.0: none.
Quick summary of the health regimen
As a part of my diet, I regularly eat the following foods:
- Meat, fish
- Olive oil, palm oil
- Butter
- Vegetables, berries, fruit, oats, dark chocolate, coconut milk
- Coffee, tea, wine, beer
I limit or avoid eating the following foods:
- Grain products like pasta, bread, and rice
- Fruit juices, candy
- Vegetable oils high in PUFAs
In general, my diet is high in fat and lowish in carbohydrates. I consume saturated fat and monounsaturated fat liberally but limit polyunsaturated fats.
My supplement regime consists of the following:
- Vitamin D3: 2,500-5,000 IU daily
- Vitamin K2: 90 mcg of MK-7 and 5 mg of MK-4 every third day
- Varying amounts of green tea daily
- Flax lignans: 1-2 tablespoons of ground flax seeds daily
My physical health regime consists of martial arts, running (in the summer), and strength training (in the winter). For mental health, I do things that train the creative and logical sides of the brain.
For more information on anti-aging methods and living longer, see these posts:
Anti-Aging in the Media: New York Times on Caloric Restriction and Resveratrol
How to Live Forever: My 5 Steps to Immortality
L-Carnitine, Acetyl-L-Carnitine and Cognitive Function in Humans
Caloric Restriction Improves Memory in the Elderly
Read More......
Sunday, May 2, 2010
BioSil, JarroSil & Beer – Silicon Experiment Conclusion
This post is the long overdue conclusion to my silicon experiment. The idea was to replicate a study that found improved skin quality, nail thickness and hair growth using a bioavailable form of silicon known as choline-stabilized orthosilicic acid (ch-OSA).
For two and a half months, I mixed five drops of Natrol's BioSil product with juice. This was equal to 5 mg of ch-OSA, which is only half the dose used in the original study. In an update post, I wrote that there might have been a slight increase in the thickness of my nails. I did not see an increase in the speed of growth, however. Hair growth and skin quality were also unchanged.
I then increased the dose to 10 mg for the next two months. To make the experiment more scientific, I began cutting my nails every 14 days to see if there was any change in how quickly they grew. Again, there was no significant change in skin, nail or hair quality.
After the bottle of BioSil was finished, I continued the experiment with Jarrow's JarroSil product while keeping the amount of orthosilicic acid at 10 mg. There's not much difference in price between the two products, but one thing Jarrow definitely has over Natrol's orthosilicic acid is the taste: BioSil tastes pretty horrible, while JarroSil doesn't really taste much of anything.
I now have several months of experimentation behind me with JarroSil. After a month or so of taking 10 mg daily, I began a routine where I take the product for two weeks and then have two weeks off, all the while keeping an eye on hair and nail growth and skin quality.
Even though I had pretty high expectations from ch-OSA, given that it had the science behind it and people seemed to have good experiences with it in general, I can't say I noticed any improvements. Hair thickness has not increased, at least not visibly, and my skin looks the same regardless of whether I'm using the product or not. On some weeks I think my nails grow faster than on others, but this seems to be independent of silicon.
One reason for not seeing any positive results may be that the original study was done on middle-aged women. Perhaps the benefits of orthosilicic acid supplementation come with age. Another possible explanation is that dietary intake of orthosilicic acid also plays a role. The European Food Safety Authority has estimated that the typical dietary intake of silicon is 20-50 mg. Maybe I already get enough bioavailable silicon from my diet, and the extra 10 mg did not yield any additional benefits.
Speaking of bioavailable silicon, did you know that the best dietary source is beer? According to one study, beer contains a little less than 20 mg of silicon per liter on average, regardless of the type or geographic origin of the beer (link). The actual amount varies between 9 and 39 mg per liter.
About 80% of the silicon is in the form of orthosilicic acid, which is the bioavailable form. The absorption of silicon from beer is 55%. This means that a can of beer (330 mL) contains, on average, about 7 mg of silicon. Of this, about 5.6 mg is orthosilicic acid, about 3.5 mg of which is absorbed.
There is no data directly comparing the bioavailability of ch-OSA and orthosilicic acid from beer, but since the urinary excretion rates of the two appear to be similar, we can assume their absorption is also similar. Thus, two cans of beer would give roughly the same amount of orthosilicic acid as used in the study.
Jarrow and Natrol mention only that silicon is poorly absorbed from many food sources and that orthosilicic acid is easily polymerized, which dramatically reduces its bioavailability (the choline is added to prevent the polymerization). This is indeed true, but they neglect to mention that not all dietary sources of silicon are poor. Beer seems to be the best one, but even water and mineral water contain 2-5 mg of orthosilicic acid per liter (link).
Since beer is one of my vices, I think I get enough orthosilicic acid in my diet anyway, so I won't be investing into supplemental forms anymore. However, if your dietary intake is low and you're looking for ways to increase hair or nail thickness, supplementing with JarroSil or BioSil may be worth a shot.
Even though my conclusion to the experiment is that I did not notice any visible results, I'm not disregarding orthosilicic acid as worthless. In fact, a new study confirms some of the findings of the study on photoaged women (link):
Forty-eight women with fine hair were given 10 mg Si/day in the form of ch-OSA beadlets (n = 24) or a placebo (n = 24), orally for 9 months. Oral intake of ch-OSA had a positive effect on tensile strength including elasticity and break load and resulted in thicker hair.
It may be that some of the effects are more preventative rather than visible improvements. In the above study, for example, the increased thickness was in comparison to the placebo group, not the beginning of the experiment. Both groups saw decreases in hair strength; the supplemented group simply experienced a smaller decrease.
The next time someone argues that drinking is bad for the skin, you can counter them with the high silicon content of beer.
For more information on hair and skin, see these posts:
The Forgotten Anti-Aging Classic: Retinoids Are the Skin's Best Friend
Topical Vitamin C for Skin: Re-examining the Case
Lutein for Skin Elasticity, Hydration and Photo-Protection – Experiment Begins
Coconut Oil Is Better than Olive Oil for Atopic Dermatitis
Read More......
Friday, February 26, 2010
Zinc Pyrithione Reduces Shedding and Moderately Promotes Hair Growth
I've written a couple of posts on the hair growth promoting effects of Nizoral, but ketoconazole isn't the only proven anti-dandruff ingredient in shampoos that is claimed to grow hair. In this post, we'll review the evidence behind something that's been available for a long time but deserves a closer look: zinc pyrithione.
The most famous product containing zinc pyrithione is probably Head & Shoulders, but there are numerous different shampoos out there with the same active ingredient. A bit of Googling comes up with readily available products such as John Masters Organic Zinc and Sage shampoo, and prescription-only products like Dan-gard A-D. As long as the product contains 1% zinc pyrithione (the amount used in the studies), it probably doesn't matter much which one you choose.
Zinc pyrithione and dandruff
The epidermal layer of the scalp renews itself constantly by pushing old cells outward where they eventually die and flake off. Normally this process takes about a month. In people with dandruff, however, these cells are shed in a matter of days, resulting in visible white flakes.
In the old days, it was thought that dandruff is caused by the fungus Pityrosporum ovale (now known as Malassezia furfur), which occurs naturally in the skin. However, it was later discovered that the cause of dandruff was in fact Malassezia globosa, a fungus found only in scalp skin.
Although the real cause of dandruff was not known at the time, a few decades ago zinc pyrithione was found to effectively reduce dandruff after just three uses (link). Several studies have since shown similar results.
Zinc pyrithione vs. ketoconazole vs. piroctone olamine
These days, getting rid of dandruff is the easy part. In fact, there are several good choices for the job, and zinc pyrithione isn't even the best one. In most studies ketoconazole and piroctone olamine seem to do somewhat better. Even natural products like tea tree oil or other essential oils with anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties seem to help many people.
But what about fighting hair loss? Whereas the evidence behind tea tree oil is shaky at best, ketoconazole has actually been shown to improve male-pattern baldness. The trouble with Nizoral is that it can dry the scalp if used very often, so accompanying products can be useful.
Zinc pyrithione to the rescue: to my knowledge there are two papers that looked at whether it also has hair growth promoting activity. In the first study, zinc pyrithione was compared against ketoconazole and piroctone olamine. 150 men with androgenic alopecia and dandruff were given one of the three shampoos (each containing 1% of the active ingredient) and told to use the product 2-3 times a week for six months (link).
All treatments reduced dandruff significantly. Hair density was unchanged after 6 months, but hair shedding decreased (ketoconazole: -17.3%, piroctone olamine: -16.5%, zinc pyrithione: -10.1%) and the percentage of hairs in anagen phase increased (ketoconazole: 4.9%, piroctone olamine: 7.9%, zinc pyrithione: 6.8%).
The effect on mean hair diameter was less uniform: ketoconazole and piroctone olamine showed increases of 5.4 and 7.7%, respectively, while zinc pyrithione actually decreased hair diameter by 2.2%.
Zinc pyrithione vs. minoxidil
The second paper compared the effect of zinc pyrithione and minoxidil on hair density (link). The duration of this study was the same as before, but this time 200 participants with male pattern baldness were enrolled. A quote from the full paper:
The mean age of the patients in this study was 40 years. Patients were predominantly (97%) caucasian. The majority of patients presented with type III vertex baldness at the baseline visit. The remainder had type IV. About half reported losing hair for less than 10 years. For almost half balding began in their late 20s or earlier.
The subjects used either a 1% zinc pyrithione shampoo (Head & Shoulders) once daily, 5% minoxidil (extra strength Rogaine) twice daily, a combination of both, or a placebo. The results were measured at weeks 9, 17 and 26.
Minoxidil alone increased hair density at all three measurements. At week 9, there was an increase of ~14% in hair counts per cm^2 compared to the placebo; after week 26, the difference was ~12%. Thus, the subjects using Rogaine saw an increase in hair counts rather quickly and maintained it for at least six months.
The group using zinc pyrithione saw an increase of ~5% after 9 weeks and ~6% after 26 weeks in hair density compared to placebo. In other words, the number of hairs was increased and maintained with Head & Shoulders also, albeit only about half as effectively as with Rogaine.
Oddly enough, the combination of minoxidil and zinc pyrithione gave a good result at the first measurement but a worse one at the end of the study. After 6 weeks, the increase in hair density was ~12% compared to placebo, but after 24 weeks the difference was only ~6%. Although the subjects using the combination still had more hairs than the placebo group, the trend is a bit worrying.
Mean hair widths generally decreased in all groups, with zinc pyrithione being no more or less effective than the placebo. In the minoxidil groups, hair width decreased but slightly less than in other groups. In other words, hairs get thinner in androgenic alopecia with time, and minoxidil can slightly slow down the progress while zinc pyrithione apparently can't.
Conclusion
In addition to its anti-dandruff action, zinc pyrithione has been shown to modestly increase hair growth. In the first study, hair shedding decreased by ~10% and the percentage of hairs in anagen phase increased by ~7%. Hair density was unchanged and hair thickness decreased by ~2%. In the second study, hair density increased by ~6% and hair thickness was not different between the zinc pyrithione and placebo groups.
So what might explain the differences between the two studies? First, although the duration of the experiments was the same, in the second study the shampoo was applied daily, whereas in the first one it was used 2-3 a week. This could explain why hair density was not increased in the first study; perhaps daily use is needed.
Furthermore, in the second study hair thickness was slightly reduced but only when compared to baseline. Compared to the placebo group, there was no difference. In the first study, no placebo group existed, so the reasonable conclusion is not that zinc pyrithione reduces hair thickness but rather that it does not counteract the effect of alopecia on thinning.
In general, zinc pyrithione seems to be somewhat effective in promoting hair growth. Still, ketoconazole and minoxidil came out on top when the three were compared. Ketoconazole is also more effective in reducing dandruff than zinc pyrithione (link). Since daily use of ketoconazole is too harsh for most people, combining or rotating the two may be the best option (link).
For more information on hair growth, see these posts:
Hair Growth with Ayurveda – The Nutrich Oil Experiment
Eclipta Alba Extract Grows Hair Quicker than Minoxidil
2% Nizoral Shampoo Increases Hair Growth in Men with Male Pattern Baldness
Emu Oil and Hair Growth: A Critical Look at the Evidence
Read More......
Friday, December 25, 2009
10 Human Experiments of 2009 – Year in Review
Only a few days left until the end of the year, which means it's time to take a look at the inhuman experiments of 2009. For a summary of the experiments of 2008, click here.
1. Maca root experiment
The purpose of this experiment was to see whether taking maca powder increased energy and sex drive. While those who sell the stuff claim that maca is the ancient Incan remedy for just about every problem you can imagine, the scientific evidence behind it is more modest. That said, a couple of studies have indeed shown improved libido and increased sperm count from maca, so the claims are not entirely baseless.
Personally, I didn't notice anything different on the days I took maca, even in large doses. I speculated in the experiment conclusion that perhaps maca is only effective in those whose sex drive and energy levels are low to begin with. Another possible reason suggested by one of the studies is that only red maca is effective while yellow and black maca are not. The maca powder I purchased was yellow.
2. Retinol cream experiment
The retinol cream experiment was quite unique in the sense that it's one of the very few experiments that actually gave a positive result. The goal was to see whether retinol, the animal form of vitamin A, would improve skin quality. Since retinol is less harsh on the skin than retinoids, I thought it would be useful to try a retinol cream before moving on to the stronger stuff.
While the appearance of my skin didn't change visibly during the experiment, there was an unexpected growth of new hair on my left temple. I even took a few pictures to show I wasn't making it up. I'm not sure whether the effect was simply due to increased collagen production and skin cell proliferation or something else, but if you're suffering from hair loss, I would recommend giving retinol a go. As another experiment, I'm currently applying tretinoin on my face to see if retinoids are even more effective.
3. Tocotrienol experiment
Like tocopherols, tocotrienols are a form vitamin E. Most multivitamins contain only alpha-tocopherol, but it's the tocotrienols that seem to have all the interesting health benefits. Well, at least potential health benefits. One study reported an increase in hair growth in all subjects taking the tocotrienol supplement. Such a result seemed so unbelievable that I had to try it out for myself.
One major problem with this experiment was that tocotrienol supplements are not cheap, which meant that the duration of the experiment was only two months. As I wrote in the conclusion, I didn't see a visible increase in hair growth, but there appeared to be a reduction in the number of hairs lost daily. If I get my hands on an affordable tocotrienol supplement, I look forward to repeating the experiment to see if the reduction was due to tocotrienols or something else.
4. Topical vitamin C, vitamin E & ferulic acid experiment
In this experiment, I applied a topical consisting of ascorbid acid, vitamin E and ferulic acid on my face. All three compounds have some evidence behind them showing that they increase collagen production and improve skin quality. The product I was testing was called SkinCeuticals CE Ferulic acid, which is really expensive if you buy it the usual way; I purchased several smaller sampler bottles online, which was cheaper. Another way to save cash is to make a similar product yourself.
In the experiment conclusion I reported that I didn't see any improvement in my skin quality. A possible reason is that some of the liquid in the sampler bottles was apparently oxidised, which would render it useless. I concluded that it was not worth the price to keep using the product. However, some months later I read a book on skin aging that made me reconsider the whole thing, and so I decided to re-visit the experiment and order another set of sampler bottles. The experiment is still going on, and so far, none of the samplers have contained oxidised liquid.
5. Vitamin D3 experiment
As I'm sure you've noticed, vitamin D3 was really big in the health blogosphere this year. After reviewing the data I concluded that I've very likely been deficient in vitamin D3 for most of my life and decided to start supplementation. I know standing naked in the sun to get the required dosage is a big thing in the paleo circles, but at these latitudes it's not very feasible. Besides, sun damage seems to be a major cuplrit in skin aging.
For a few months, I took 2,000 IU per day and then increased to 5,000 IU. This got my serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels up to 113 nmol/L (45 ng/mL), which is in the optimal range. I'm still taking 5,000 IU daily, and while it hasn't given me complete immunity against all infections, this is the first experiment that has resulted in a reduction of colds. Not even intermittent fasting or the paleo diet did that.
6. Hyaluronic acid experiment
In a sort of continuation to my experiment with MSM, chondroitin and glucosamine, I decided to try oral supplementation with hyaluronic acid. Despite the high price, hyaluronic acid seems to be quite popular and is said to improve skin quality and promote hair growth. The evidence for oral supplements is shaky, however, except maybe for joint problems.
Because hyaluronic acid is so damn expensive, the experiment lasted for only a month, which is probably the shortest duration of any experiment on this blog. I didn't see any difference in skin quality or hair growth, but feel free the take the results with a grain of salt. I think hyaluronic acid may actually be quite useful, but next time I'd rather try applying it topically.
7. Tea tree oil vs. Korean red ginseng experiment
Now here was an experiment that seemed to go on forever. In this "classic" hair growth battle, Korean red ginseng and tea tree oil fought it out on my legs. Since Korean red ginseng (also known as Panax ginseng) has been shown to promote hair growth, and tea tree oil is supposed to be anti-androgenic, I was expecting ginseng to increase and tea tree oil to suppress hair growth on my legs.
After meticulous experimentation with various carrier oils and different parts of the body, I got sick of the whole thing and called it quits without ever seeing any results. You can read the "exciting" conclusion if you're interested in the details. All in all, I would think twice before adding these two to a hair loss regimen.
8. Intermittent fasting experiment
A couple of months ago I wrote on the blog that a year had passed since I began my intermittent fasting experiment. While I've occasionally experimented with different variations of the same thing, I have mostly followed the 24/24 hour cycle of feasting and fasting. That is, for most of the year I stopped eating at about 6 PM and then started eating again the next day at 6 PM.
After the last post describing my year on the diet, I've slowly returned towards a more "normal" way of eating again. Compared to other people, I still have lengthy periods of not eating, but I'm no longer on the strict 24-hour cycle. The main reason for the change is that intermittent fasting does not appear to increase lifespan like caloric restriction does, and life extension is my main interest, after all. For losing weight and improving insulin sensitivity it still appears to be beneficial, provided you do it the right way.
Beyond weight loss, however, I'm thinking there are better ways to incorporate fasting into my health regimen than the 24-hour cycle. Perhaps longer fasts done less frequently, perhaps periodical protein restriction. I'll write more about the subject once I do some more reading. Anyway, I feel pretty good about being able to follow my intermittent fasting routine so strictly for an entire year. Life extension or not, it surely taught me to think of hunger in a new, more positive way. The looks and comments I got from family members, friends, and strangers alike were pretty entertaining, too.
9. Emu oil vs. Hair Again experiment
This experiment was another battle between two hair growth products. This time the competitors were emu oil and a topical gel called Hair Again. Emu oil comes up every year in hair loss forums, but the fact is that the evidence behind it is very limited, to say the least. The commercial product, on the other hand, contained many ingredients that looked quite useful.
After eight months, I concluded that the battle had no clear winner, since there was no change on either side of my face. Yes, the hairs I grew with the retinol were still there, but no further improvement was seen. I still have some of the emu oil left, but I haven't found much use for it ever since I ran out of the topical gel. Sadly, even if I wanted to continue the experiment I couldn't, because the company that makes the gel refuses to ship to Finland any longer.
10. Nootropic experiment
The purpose of this three-way battle between taurine, acetyl-L-carnitine and ginkgo biloba was to see if any of them were effective as nootropics, either taken alone or in combinations. My subjective evaluation of my energy levels, mood, and ability concentrate would serve as the indicators. As an objective measurement, I compared my scores in a memory game meant to improve IQ.
For all the money I spent on these supplements, it's a bit of a disappointment that none of them seemed to do anything for me. As I wrote in the experiment conclusion, one possible reason why ginkgo didn't work is that the plant extracts may differ significantly among brands. Acetyl-L-carnitine and taurine, on the other hand, should be pretty much the same stuff regardless of the manufacturer. In the future, I may try another brand of ginkgo, and I'm thinking of using taurine to prevent glycation and hangovers. Further experiments may follow.
Conclusion
So there you have, the ten inhuman experiments of 2009. Once again, not many positive results, but hey, at least we've learned something, right? As you can see in the top-right corner of the blog under "Current Experiments", many of the experiments that started this year will continue into 2010, so stick around and see how they end.
Finally, I'd like to thank all the readers for your encouraging comments and questions during the past year – and for pointing out the mistakes, of course! You've been very helpful in making this blog better, and I hope the improvement continues the next year. Until then, happy holidays and take care!
Read More......
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)
